Exploring Kotzk

Miketz: December 18, 2020

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sholommorgenstern

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Gave a Chumash Shiur on December 17, 2020 for the family via Zoom.  In attendance Karen Schwartz, Yosef Janowski, Avi Beer, Chanie Caplan, Alltie Beer, and Matt Schwartz at the end.

We are still in quarantine in Toronto.  My mother in law is coming back from Baycrest, the rehab this coming week.

Bereshis – Chapter 41- Verse:1:

ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดึ•ื™ ืžึดืงึตึผึ–ืฅ ืฉึฐืื ึธืชึทึฃื™ึดื ื™ึธืžึดึ‘ื™ื ื•ึผืคึทืจึฐืขึนึฃื” ื—ึนืœึตึ”ื ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผึ–ื” ืขึนืžึตึฅื“ ืขึทืœึพื”ึทื™ึฐืึนึฝืจืƒ

After two yearsโ€™ time, Pharaoh dreamed that he was standing by the Nile,

Rashi:

                                                                                             ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืงืฅ. ื›ึฐึผืชึทืจึฐื’ึผื•ึผืžื•ึน ืžึดืกึผื•ึนืฃ, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืงึตืฅ ืกื•ึนืฃ ื”ื•ึผื:       

ืขืœ ื”ื™ืืจ. ื›ึธึผืœ ืฉึฐืืึธืจ ื ึฐื”ึธืจื•ึนืช ืึตื™ื ึธื ืงึฐืจื•ึผื™ึดื™ืŸ ื™ึฐืื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื—ื•ึผืฅ ืžึดื ึดึผื™ืœื•ึผืก, ืžึดืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ืฉึถืื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ึดื ื™ึฐืื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื™ึฐืื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื‘ึดึผื™ื“ึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื ื•ึฐื ึดื™ืœื•ึผืก ืขื•ึนืœึถื” ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนื›ึธื ื•ึผืžึทืฉึฐืืงึถื” ืื•ึนืชึธื, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉึถืืึตื™ืŸ ื’ึฐึผืฉึธืืžึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนืจึฐื“ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืชึธึผื“ึดื™ืจ ื›ึดึผืฉึฐืืึธืจ ืึฒืจึธืฆื•ึนืช:

Targum Onkelys –   ื•ึทื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืžึดืกึผื•ึนืฃ ืชึทึผืจึฐืชึตึผื™ืŸ ืฉึฐืื ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื—ึธืœึตื ื•ึฐื”ึธื ืงึธืึตื ืขึทืœ ื ึทื”ึฒืจึธื:

Targum Yonasun Ben Uziel:

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื•ึทื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืžึดืกื•ึนืฃ ืชึทึผืจึฐืชึตึผื™ืŸ ืฉึฐืื ึดื™ืŸ ืขึธืืœ ื“ื•ึผื›ึฐืจึธื ึธื ื“ึฐื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืงึณื“ึธื ืžึตื™ืžึฐืจึธื ื“ึทื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึผืคึทืจึฐืขื” ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ื—ึธืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึธื ืงึธืึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื ึทื”ึฒืจึธื  – It was at the end of two years, that the remembrance of Joseph came before the Word of the Lord. And Pharaoh dreamed, and, behold, he stood by the river. 

Midrash 89:4

ื•ึผืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื—ึนืœึตื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื, ื), ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืึตื™ื ึธืŸ ื—ื•ึนืœึฐืžึดื™ืŸ, ืึถืชึฐืžึฐื”ึธื, ืึถืœึธึผื ื—ึฒืœื•ึนื ืฉึถืืœ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืฉึถืืœ ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึปึผืœึผื•ึน ื”ื•ึผื.

“and Pharoah dreamt” – and do not all people dream?! Rather the dream of a king is regarding (or perhaps belonging to) the entire world.  

Questions on this Pasuk:

  1. The word ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดึ•ื™ is normally language use when the Torah is talking about troubled times.  Here Yoseph is about to be freed and go from a prisoner and slave to the Viceroy of Egypt.  The #2 man in the country and the one responsible for the entire country,  This is a time of joy.  
  2. Rashi says that  ืžึดืงึตึผึ–ืฅ means at the end.  A) are there different translations of this word?  The Torah does not specifically say the end of what event.
  3. It says  ืฉึฐืื ึธืชึทึฃื™ึดื ื™ึธืžึดึ‘ื™ื.  It means two years, why not use the words ืฉื ืชื™ื ืฉื ื™ื?
  4. ื—ึนืœึตึ”ื ืขึนืžึตึฅื“ ,ื”ึทื™ึฐืึนึฝืจืƒ – all are written ื—ืกืจ and not   ืžืœื
  5.  ื”ึทื™ึฐืึนึฝืจืƒ – Rashi says that this refers to the Nile.  Why not say the Nile river.  It would have said Pishon because I do not think it was called the Nile river at the time?
  6. The Ohr HaCahim asks another question.  The language of ื•ึผืคึทืจึฐืขึนึฃื” ื—ึนืœึตึ”ื implies that at the end of two years Pharah was already dreaming.  Proper language would be that at the end of two years, Pharaoh dreamt.   ื•ื—ึธืœึทื ืคืจืขื” 

Answers:

Question #1)

The word ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดึ•ื™ is normally language used when the Torah is talking about troubled times.  Here Yoseph is about to be freed and go from prisoner and slave to the Viceroy of Egypt.  The #2 man in the country and the one responsible for the entire country,  

            The Ohr HaChaim Hakodesh has three answers: 

A)  This is the start of the exile of Egypt 

B)  The pain of the entire world that will be thrust into a severe famine for seven years     

C)  Pain of Yoseph who was imprisoned an extra two years 

Language of the Ohr HaChaim HaKadosh:

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืงืฅ. ื˜ืขื ืื•ืžืจื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ. ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืกื™ื‘ืช ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ื”ื’ื ืฉื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืชื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืœื ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก’ ื‘ืžืก’ ืฉื‘ืช (ื™:) ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื‘”ื“ (ืค”ื• ื”ืœ’ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”) ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœืฆืขืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ื ื•ืขื ื• ื•ื’ื•’:

ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืœืฆื“ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ืจืขื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘”ื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื• ืฆืจ ื‘ืฆืจืช ืขื•ืœืžื•, ื•ืฆื ื•ืœืžื“ ืžืžื” ืฉื“ืจืฉื• ื–”ืœ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™:) ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“ ื›) ื•ืœื ืงืจื‘ ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื” ื•ื’ื•’:

ืขื•ื“ ื™ืจืžื•ื– ืœืฆืขืจื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื ืชืขื›ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉืฉืœืžื• ื‘’ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื—ืœื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ื ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ื›ืื•ืžืจื ื–”ืœ (ื‘”ืจ ืค’ ืค”ื˜) ื•ื–”ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืื ื–ื›ืจืชื ื™ ื•ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ืกืคื• ื‘’ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื• ื‘’ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืขืจ, ื•ืชืžืฆื ืฉืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ืฉื) ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืงืฅ ืงืฅ ืฉื ืœื—ื•ืฉืš. ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืงืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ืฉื ืงืจื ืงืฅ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืฆืขืจื• ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื ืชื™ื ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืชื—ืœืช ื–ื” ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื—ืœื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื˜ืขื ื‘’ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืืžืจ ื–ื›ืจืชื ื™ ื•ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืžื ืข ื”’ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ:

 Question #2)

Rashi says that  ืžึดืงึตึผึ–ืฅ means at the end.  A) are there different translations of this word?  The Torah does not specifically say the end of what event.

Answer:    I do not fully understand the Sifsei Chachomim who says –  ืžืงืฅ. ืคื™ืจืฉ”ื™ ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืžืกื•ืฃ ื•ืคื™’ ื›ืŸ ื“ืœื ืชื™ืžื ืžืชื—ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืžืงืฆื” ืฉืœืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืชื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉืจ ืชื‘ื•ืืชืš ืฉืคื™’ ืžืชื—ืœืช ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช  . 

The Tur and the Tur HaAroch discusses the word  ืžืงืฅ.    The Baal Haturim says:  

ื ืืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ืžืงืฅ ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืงืฅ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื (ืœืขื™ืœ ื˜ื– ื’) ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื.  ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืงืฅ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืกื•ืฃ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื  

 The Baal Haturim explains the Pasuk as saying that Joseph was in jail for 12 years.   It says here ืžืงืฅ and it says by Avrohom in Bereshis 16:3 – “ืžึดืงึตึผืฅึ™ ืขึถึฃืฉึถื‚ืจ ืฉึธืื ึดึ”ื™ื”,  therefore the word ืžืงืฅ  means 10 years, plus another two years. Yoseph spent a total of 12 years in prison. 

For additional color see the below Tur Haruch from Sefaria.

ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืงืฅ ืฉื ืชื™ื ื™ืžื™ื. ืคื™’ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื‘’ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™’ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขืฉ’ ืฉืคืจืขื” ื—ืœื ื•ืœื ืคื™’ ืžืชื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘’ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืกื•ืฃ ื‘’ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื™ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืฉื”ื™’ ื’ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืืœื ืฉื ืชืื—’ ื‘’ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืชืœื” ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื™’ ืชืคื•ืฉ ื™”ื‘ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื“ื•ื ื™ื• ืืœื ืฉื ื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”’ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื˜’ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™’ ืชืคื•ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื•ื”ืื•ืคื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ืชืคื•ืฉื™ื ืขืžื• ืฉื ื” ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืžืจ ืคื™’ ืฉื ื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘’ ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื ืฉืงืฉื” ื”ื ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ืœื›ืš ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืกืจื—ื•ื ื ื•ื™ืฉื›ื—ื• ืžืœื“ื‘’ ื‘ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืื ืœื ื—ื˜ืื• ืขื“ ื˜’ ืฉื ื™’ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื› ื”ืจื‘’ ื“ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื˜’ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ืžื™ื“ ื•ื ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื ืชืคืฉื• ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ื˜’ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืกื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื ืžืงืฅ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื ืžืงืฅ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื” ื”ืชื ืขืฉืจ ืืฃ ื”ื›ื ืขืฉืจ:

 Question #3)

It says  ืฉึฐืื ึธืชึทึฃื™ึดื ื™ึธืžึดึ‘ื™ื.  It means two years, why not use the words ืฉื ืชื™ื ืฉื ื™ื?   I saw some Meforshim but I do not have a good answer.

 Question #4)

ื—ึนืœึตึ”ื ืขึนืžึตึฅื“ ,ื”ึทื™ึฐืึนึฝืจ  – all are written ื—ืกืจ and not  ืžืœื

I do not have a good answer for this.  Other than the real story of this Parsha is hidden.

Question #5)

 ื”ึทื™ึฐืึนึฝืจืƒ – Rashi says that this refers to the Nile.  Why not say the Nile river.  It would have said Pishon because I do not think it was called the Nile river at the time?

Both Onkelys and Targum Yonasan Ben Uziel translate ื”ึทื™ึฐืึนึฝืจ as river.  Do they argue on Rashi or not?  You can say they donโ€™t because the word itself does translate in river, Rashi is using the ื” – ื”ื™ื“ืขื”.  Even though I would think that Targum Yonasan Ben Uziel would have been more specific.

Sifsei Chacomin discusses this – ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืจื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื ื™ืœื•ืก ื›ื•’. ื””ืค ื“ืง”ืœ ืœืžื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื””ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ื””ืค ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“’ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืค’ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ ื™ื) ื•ื”ื› ืœืžื” ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ืืŸ ื ื”ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ ื”ื•ื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ื”ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื ื”ืจ ืงืื™ ืฉื“’ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื™ืื•ืจ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื”ืจ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื“ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืื•ืจื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื ื™ืœื•ืก ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื•ืื–ื™ืœ ื•ื ื™ืœื•ืก ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื“ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื“ื ืงื˜ ืจืฉ”ื™ ืงืื™ ืืฉืืจ ื’’ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช:

ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื ื™ืœื•ืก ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื•’. ื“ืงืฉื” ืœื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืงืื™ ืืื—ื“ ืžื“’ ื ื”ืจื•ืช         ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื›ืŸ        ืงืจืื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ืื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืŸ:

Question #6)

The Ohr HaCahim asks another question.  The language of ื•ึผืคึทืจึฐืขึนึฃื” ื—ึนืœึตึ”ื implies that at the end of two years Pharah was already dreaming.  Proper language would be that at the end of two years, Pharaoh dreamt.   ื•ื—ึธืœึทื ืคืจืขื” 

The Ohr HaChaim has two answers. I love his second answer and will explain it here:

 ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืคืจืขื” ื—ื•ืœื ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ื ื–ื” ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื—ืœื ื•ืœืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืชื™ื ื—ืœื ื•ืœื ืฉื›ื—: 

The Ohr Hachaim is saying that during the entire two years Pharaoh was dreaming the dream of the cows and grains;  however he forgot it every morning.  At the end of the two years he dreamt and did not forget.  What does the Ohr HaChaim mean?  The redemption via the dreams of Pharaoh were to happen two years earlier and already existed.  When Yoseph added the two words and Harshem delayed Joseph’s redemption for two years, Hashem did not pull the dreams  back.  They already existed in the world.   Perhaps if Yosef could have done Tshuvah his redemption would have occurred before two years.

I think the Ohr HaChaim is saying something more profound.  Pharaoh forgot not because Hashem made him forget, but because he did not care.  He was not a benevolent ruler who truly cared about the Egyptians.  He was a typical tyrannical ruler who only cared about himself, his power,  and ruled harshly, with evil.  This is why he forgot. His dreams were not able to break through from his dream state to his consciousness.  There were  undercurrents in the world from Hashem that hard times were coming and also one one of redemption.   Had he been a ruler who truly cared about his subjects, such as a Dovid Hamelech or an Abraham Lincoln, he would have plugged into the Ratzon Hashem and remembered the dream.   Perhaps, if Pharaoh remembered the dream Yoseph would have been freed earlier because he would  have been needed to save the world.  This is what the Ohr HaChaim is telling us.  There are times of tremendous change in the world, of Siattah Dismayah in the world.  The world is changing, with Hashem putting the change into the spiritual atmosphere of the world where anyone with proper spiritual sensitivity can sense and plug into the Tatzon Hashem.

There are leaders who understood the undercurrent of a changing world and took their efforts into a new direction and did great things because they were plugged into the Ratzon Hashem.  In 1967 after the six day war, there was a new dimension Hashem put into the world, it was a world of T’shuvah.   The Lubavitcher Rebbe plugged into this new feeling in the world for a return to Judaism and his efforts became supercharged.  He made this a reality.   The Rebbe started his Tefillin campaign to bring light to the world.  The Rebbe understood that putting Tefillin on Jewish men is not a small unimportant feat.  It would change the life of the person  and bring positive results to the Jewish world.  The Lubavitcher also cared about the world at large and many non-Jewish people came to him for a blessing.

The second one was Theodore Herzl.  He came from the secular side.  He saw that the Jewish people were not going to survive Europe.  He was able to plug into the Ratzon Hashem due to his desire to help his fellow Jews and be the agent of change.  He plugged into the Ratzon Hashem just like Pharaoh could have.   Theodore Herzl created the reality of a Jewish state from a dream.    He died at 44 from the strain of efforts.  Martin Brody has a beautiful essay on the repentance of Theordoe Herzl and I have spoken about the complete Tshuva of Herzl.  Both are on my website, Kotzk.com,

Chapter 41 – Verse 2:

ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผึฃื” ืžึดืŸึพื”ึทื™ึฐืึนึ—ืจ ืขึนืœึนืชึ™ ืฉึถืึฃื‘ึทืข ืคึธึผืจึ”ื•ึนืช ื™ึฐืคึฅื•ึนืช ืžึทืจึฐืึถึ–ื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืึนึฃืช ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ึ‘ืจ ื•ึทืชึดึผืจึฐืขึถึ–ื™ื ึธื” ื‘ึธึผืึธึฝื—ื•ึผืƒ

When out of the Nile there came up seven cows, handsome and sturdy, and they grazed in the reed grass. 

ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืจืื”. ืกึดื™ืžึธืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึดื™ืžึตื™ ืฉึนื‚ื‘ึทืข, ืฉึถืื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื ึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ื™ึธืคื•ึนืช ื–ื•ึน ืœึธื–ื•ึน, ืฉึถืืึตื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ึธึผื” ืฆึธืจึธื” ื‘ึทื—ึฒื‘ึถืจึฐืชึธึผื”ึผ:: 

Compare this Rashi to Onkleys who say Rashi but in the last two words of the Pasuk. 

Onkelys                                :ื•ึฐื”ึธื ืžึดืŸ ื ึทื”ึฒืจึธื ืกึธืœึฐืงึธืŸ ืฉึฐืื‘ึทืข ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืŸ ืฉึทืืคึดึผื™ืจึธืŸ ืœึฐืžึถื—ึฑื–ึตื™ ื•ึผืคึทื˜ึดึผื™ืžึธืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื•ึฐืจึธืขึฐื™ึธืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืึทื—ึฒื•ึธื”:

Onkelys is saying Pshat like this Medresh – 89:4 – 

 ื•ึทืชึดึผืจึฐืขึถื™ื ึธื” ื‘ึธึผืึธื—ื•ึผ, ืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒื•ึธื” ื‘ึธึผืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืœ, ื›ื’):  ื™ึดืจึฐืขึถื” ืžึดืงึฐื ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื›ึทึผืจ ื ึดืจึฐื—ึธื‘, ื›ึดึผื™ืจึดื™ ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ืงึดื™ืจึดื™ ืึธื“ื•ึนืŸ. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื‘, ื’): ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืื•ึผ ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื, ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ ืึทื—ึธื ื ึธืฉึฐื‚ืื•ึผ ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื ึฐืฉึดื‚ื™ืึธืชึธืŸ ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื ืœึธืขึธื.

Targum Yonasan Ben Uziel does not pick up on this concept at all.

ื•ึฐื”ึธื ืžึดืŸ ื ึทื”ึฒืจึธื ืกึทืœึฐืงึทืŸ ืฉึฐืื‘ึทืข ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชึตื™ ืฉึทืืคึดึผื™ืจึธืŸ ืœึฐืžึตื™ื—ึฒืžึตื™ ื•ึผืคึทื˜ึดื™ืžึธืŸ ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐืจึธื ื•ึฐืจึทืขึฒื™ึธื™ืŸ ื‘ึฐึผื’ื•ึนื™ ื’ื•ึผืžึทื™ึธื

and, behold, from the river came up seven oxen good-looking and fat-fleshed; and they grazed in the midst of the sedges.

Rashi                    (11 – ื‘ืื—ื•. ื‘ึธึผืึฒื’ึทื, ืžืจื™ืฉ”ืง ื‘ึฐึผืœึทืขึทื–, ื›ึฐึผืžื•ึน ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ื’ึถึผื ืึธื—ื•ึผ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื—

 Sefaria: IN THE REED-GRASS โ€” in the marshy land. old French marais; English, marsh.  Similar is (Job 8:11) โ€œCan reed-grass (ืื—ื•) grow?โ€

Artscroll:   In the Swamp i.e.   ื‘ึธึผืึฒื’ึทื – in the marshland, marese in Old French. It is like   ืึธื—ื•ึผ in  ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ื’ึถึผื ืึธื—ื•ึผ  in โ€œ(Would) a swamp flourishโ€

However Rashi seems to contradict himself from the Pasuk in Iyuv 8:11 where Rashi says –  ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืžืจื™ืฉ”ืง ื‘ืœืข”ื–:   The question is what is the translation of  ืื—ื•.  Here Rashi says swamp and the Ibn Ezra says it is either a valley where there is foliage or it is  a name of a specific plant. Perhaps Rashi feels that the old France word of ืžืจื™ืฉ”ืง is the meaning of ืื—ื• and  ื‘ื™ืฆื”.       

Iyuv 8:11ื”ึฒื™ึดึฝื’ึฐืึถื”ึพื’ึนึผึญืžึถื ื‘ึฐึผืœึนึฃื ื‘ึดืฆึธึผึ‘ื” ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ื’ึถึผื”ึพืึธึฅื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืœึดื™ึพืžึธึฝื™ึดื                  ืƒ

Can papyrus thrive without marsh? Can rushes grow without water?

Rashi in Iyuv 8:13:

ื”ื™ื’ืื” ื’ื•ืžื. ื–ืืช ื™ืืžืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืžื ื’ื“ืœ ืืœื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื™ื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ื—ืœื•ื—ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืžืจื™ืฉ”ืง ื‘ืœืข”ื–:

Can papyrus shoot up They will say this: Papyrus cannot grow except when the marsh is wet with its water and its moisture. ื‘ึดืฆึธื” is marese in Old French, a marsh.

Ibn Ezra:   ื‘ืœื ื‘ืฆื” – ื›ืžื•: ื‘ื™ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื’ื‘ืื™ื•.  

ืื—ื• – ืขื ื™ื ื• ืฆืžื—ื™ ืื—ื•, ื›ืžื•: ื•ืชืจืขื™ื ื” ื‘ืื—ื•. 

Mezudas Tzion: ( ืื—ื•. ืฉื ืฆืžื— ืžื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืชืจืขื ื” ื‘ืื—ื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื  2 

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Chapter 41 Verse 16:

ื•ึทื™ึทึผึจืขึทืŸ ื™ื•ึนืกึตึงืฃ ืึถืชึพืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนึ›ื” ืœึตืืžึนึ–ืจ ื‘ึดึผืœึฐืขึธื“ึธึ‘ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ•ื™ื ื™ึทืขึฒื ึถึ–ื” ืึถืชึพืฉึฐืืœึฅื•ึนื ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนึฝื”ืƒ

Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, โ€œNot I! God will see (respond) to Pharaohโ€™s welfare.โ€

Both Sefaria and Artscroll translated the word ึพืฉึฐืืœึฅื•ึนื ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนึฝื”ืƒ as the welfare of Pharah.  I believe that there are better words.   Yoseph was only asked to interpret the dream yet he said more, that upon hearing the bad news, God will additionally show Pharah a path to navigate through the bad times and will restore Pharaoh’s peace of mind, his equilibrium.  Joseph is saying that I will not only be interpreting your dream, but I will bring you solutions from God that will bring you peace of mind.  When people have a need or want advice, it is not enough to just listen and give advice, but to also embrace them and make them feel protected, that everything will be okay.  It is also emotional support.  

This is a little off topic.  When my mother moved to Lakewood, NJ in 1980 to take care of her parents, once they heard that my mother was coming, they felt better.  It was my motherโ€™s presence that made them feel that everything will be okay. 

Allstate is the Good Hands People.  

Chapter 41 Verse 45:

ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธึจื ืคึทืจึฐืขึนึฃื” ืฉึตืืึพื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃึฎ ืฆึธึฝืคึฐื ึทึฃืช ืคึทึผืขึฐื ึตื—ึทึ’ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึถึผืŸึพืœึฃื•ึน ืึถืชึพืึธึฝืกึฐื ึทึ—ืช ื‘ึทึผืชึพืคึผึฅื•ึนื˜ึดื™ ืคึถึ›ืจึทืข ื›ึนึผื”ึตึฅืŸ ืึนึ–ืŸ ืœึฐืึดืฉึธึผืึ‘ื” ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฆึตึฅื ื™ื•ึนืกึตึ–ืฃ ืขึทืœึพืึถึฅืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธึฝื™ึดืืƒ

Pharaoh then gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-paneah; and he gave him for a wife Asenath daughter of Poti-phera, priest of On. Thus Joseph emerged in charge of the land of Egypt.โ€”

Targum Yonasan Ben Uziel:

ื•ึผืงึฐืจึธื ืคึทืจึฐืขื” ืฉึฐืืžึตื™ื”ึผ ื“ึฐื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื’ึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื“ึดื˜ึฐืžึดื™ืจึธืŸ ืžึฐืคึทืจึฐืกึตื ื•ึดื™ื”ึทื‘ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ื™ึทืช ืึธืกึฐื ึทืช ื“ึดื™ืœึตื™ื“ึทืช ื“ึดื™ื ึธื” ืœึดืฉึฐืื›ึถื ื•ึผืจึฐื‘ึตื™ืชึธื” ืึดื™ืชึทึผืช ืคึผื•ึนื˜ึดื™ืคึถืจึทืข ืจึทื‘ึธึผื ื“ึฐื˜ึธื ึดื™ืก ืœึฐืึดื™ื ึฐืชึผื•ึผ ื•ึผื ึฐืคึทืง ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืฉึทืืœึดื™ื˜ ืขึทืœ ืึทืจึฐืขึธื ื“ึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื

And Pharaoh called the name of Joseph, The man who revealeth mysteries. And he gave him Asenath, whom Dinah had borne to Shekem, and the wife of Potiphera prince (Rabba) of Tanis had brought up, to be his wife. And Joseph went forth as ruler over the land of Mizraim.

It was very appropriate that Yoseph would marry his nieceโ€™s daughter.  Asnathโ€™s grandmother was Leah and mother was Dinah.  She was the daughter of great people.  See my Torah on Bersehich 34:1 –  ื•ึทืชึตึผืฆึตึคื ื“ึดื™ื ึธื”ึ™ ื‘ึทึผืชึพืœึตืึธึ”ื” ืึฒืฉึถืึฅืจ ื™ึธืœึฐื“ึธึ–ื” ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนึ‘ื‘ ืœึดืจึฐืึ–ื•ึนืช ื‘ึดึผื‘ึฐื ึฅื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅืƒ. 

Daas Zekanim:

ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ืืกื ืช. ื•ื”ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื™’ ืžืœืš ืื™ืš ื ืฉื ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜. ื•ื ”ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™’ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื“ ืœืคื•ื˜ื™ืคืจ ืืžืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืื ืœื ืืขืฉื” ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื™ืฉื ื‘ืชื• ื™ื–ืœื–ืœื ื™ ื•ื™ืœืฉื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืฉืื ื” ื•ื™ื›ื‘ื“ื ื™. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™”ืœ ืฉื ืฉืื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ืช’ ืžื–ืจืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ื“ืคื™’ ืจืฉ”ื™ ื‘ืค’ ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื“ื‘ืช ื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืช’ ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืชืœื” ืœื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืงืžื™ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืืจื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืข”ื™ ื ืก ื›ื“ืคืจื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ืคื•ื˜ื™ืคืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืœื›ืš ื ืงืจืืช ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข”ื” ืืœื” ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื” ื•ื’ื•’. ื•ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆืขื“ื” ืขืœื™ ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื–ื•ืจืงืช ืœื• ื—ืคืฅ ืื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ื•ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืžื” ืœื–ืจื•ืง ื•ื–ืจืงื” ืœื• ื”ืงืžื™ืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื•ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื ืฉืื”:

Sferno:

ื•ื™ืฆื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ืฆื ืžืœืคื ื™ ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื

, Yoseph  walked away from Pharaoh  in a bearing of royalty which indicated that he was now the ruler

 over the whole nation

Yospeh walked away from Pharaoh in a manner that he was ruler of the entire nation of Egypt.  The Sferno is saying Joseph’s entire bearing changed, he looked regal.   Took on the persona of  someone who was incharge.  It showed on his face, in his mannerisms, how he spoke, and in every action he took.

Chapter 41: Verse 47:

ื•ึทืชึทึผึฃืขึทืฉื‚ ื”ึธืึธึ”ืจึถืฅ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึถืึ–ื‘ึทืข ืฉึฐืื ึตึฃื™ ื”ึทืฉึธึผื‚ื‘ึธึ‘ืข ืœึดืงึฐืžึธืฆึดึฝื™ืืƒ-During the seven years of plenty, the land produced in abundance.

Look at Rashi and Onkelys.  This is very confusing and I could not understand the Pasuk.

Chapter 41: Verse 51

ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธึฅื ื™ื•ึนืกึตึ›ืฃ ืึถืชึพืฉึตืึฅื ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผื›ึ–ื•ึนืจ ืžึฐื ึทืฉึถึผืึ‘ื” ื›ึดึผึฝื™ึพื ึทืฉึทึผืึคื ึดื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืึ™ ืึถืชึพื›ึธึผืœึพืขึฒืžึธืœึดึ”ื™ ื•ึฐืึตึ–ืช ื›ึธึผืœึพื‘ึตึผึฅื™ืช ืึธื‘ึดึฝื™ืƒ

Joseph named the first-born Manasseh, meaning, โ€œGod has made me forget completely my hardship and my parental home.โ€

What is the Pshat in this name?

Chapter 41: Verse 55

ื•ึทืชึดึผืจึฐืขึทื‘ึ™ ื›ึธึผืœึพืึถึฃืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทึ”ื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฆึฐืขึทึฅืง ื”ึธืขึธึ›ื ืึถืœึพืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนึ–ื” ืœึทืœึธึผึ‘ื—ึถื ื•ึทื™ึนึผึจืืžึถืจ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนึคื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœึพืžึดืฆึฐืจึทึ™ื™ึดืึ™ ืœึฐื›ึฃื•ึผ ืึถืœึพื™ื•ึนืกึตึ”ืฃ ืึฒืฉึถืืจึพื™ึนืืžึทึฅืจ ืœึธื›ึถึ–ื ืชึทึผืขึฒืฉึฝื‚ื•ึผืƒ

And when all the land of Egypt felt the hunger, the people cried out to Pharaoh for bread; and Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, โ€œGo to Jo-seph; whatever he tells you, you shall do.โ€โ€”

ื•ืชืจืขื‘ ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื AND THE LAND OF EGYPT WAS FAMISHED โ€” for all the grain they had stored up rotted except that of Joseph (cf. Genesis Rabbah 91:5).   He asked them โ€œWhy did you yourselves not lay up corn? Did he not publicly announce that years of famine were coming?โ€ They answered him, โ€œWe gathered in much, but it has rottedโ€. He said to them, โ€œIf this be so โ€” what he saith to you, do. See, he laid a decree upon the produce and it rotted; what will happen if he lays a decree upon us that we should die!โ€ (cf. Genesis Rabbah 91:5)

Pharaoh was duplicitous.  He could have told Joseph not require circumcision.  He included himself with the common man and said  that Joseph is a demon, a Rasputin.  Yoseph can control nature and I, the mighty Sungod, is powerless.  Pharaoh knew that this is rubbish.  He wanted to find a scapegoat and someone to blame when the people were suffering. This is the first case of setting up a scapegoat if things go bad.   This is the first instance of anti-Semitism where the Jew is viewed as controlling the world, even nature itself.

Chapter 41, Verse 21:

ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึฐืจึžื•ึผ ืึดึฃื™ืฉื ืึถืœึพืึธื—ึดึ—ื™ื• ืึฒื‘ึธืœึฎ ืึฒืฉึตืืžึดึฃื™ื ื€ ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผึฎ ืขึทืœึพืึธื—ึดื™ื ื•ึผึ’ ืึฒืฉึถืึจืจ ืจึธืึดึœื™ื ื•ึผ ืฆึธืจึทึฅืช ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึ›ื•ึน ื‘ึฐึผื”ึดืชึฐื—ึทึฝื ึฐื ึฅื•ึน ืึตืœึตึ–ื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนึฃื ืฉึธืืžึธึ‘ืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืขึทืœึพื›ึตึผืŸึ™ ื‘ึธึผึฃืึธื” ืึตืœึตึ”ื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืฆึธึผืจึธึ–ื” ื”ึทื–ึนึผึฝืืชืƒ

They said to one another, โ€œAlas, we are being punished on account of our brother, because we looked on at his anguish, yet paid no heed as he pleaded with us. That is why this distress has come upon us.โ€

Fascinating Ohr HaChaim:

ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื•ื’ื•’ ืื‘ืœ. ืชื™ื‘ืช ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืืŸ. ื•ื”ืžืชืจื’ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื˜ื. ื•ื’ื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ืŸ ืื ื›ื™ ืœืžื” ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื˜ื. ืขื•ื“ ืœืžื” ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืฉืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื•’ ื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ืกืชื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืืฉืจ ืžื›ืจื ื•ื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืŸ.

ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆื“ื“ื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฆืจื” ื–ื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื›ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื“ื—ื• ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื” (ืœ”ื– ื›’) ืฉื›ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื ื•ื”ื• ืœื”ืจื™ื’ื” ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื›ืจ ืฉืขืฉื• ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ืช ื”ื—ืกื“, ื•ืื ืขืœ ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืฆืจืช ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื• ืžื›ืื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ื”’ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฆืขืจ ืขืœ ืฆืขืจื•, ื•ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืืžืจื• ืื‘ืœ ืืฉืžื™ื ื•ื’ื•’ ืืฉืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื•’ ืคื™’ ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืจืื•ืช ืื—ื™ื”ื ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืกื›ื ืช ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื ืชืื›ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžื’ื•ื ื” ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื” ื•ื’ื•’:

Ohr HaChaim 37:20

ื•ืขืชื” ืœื›ื• ื•ื’ื•’. ืคื™’ ืœื›ื• ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ื•ื ืืฆืœื ื”ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืงืจืืชื•, ื•ืœื–ื” ื“ืงื“ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ืขืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื›ื•. ื•ื˜ืขืžื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื. ื•ืœื–ื” ืชืžืฆื ืฉืœื ืขื›ื‘ื• ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืฆืœื ืืœื ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื•ืžื™ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืขืฉื• ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื•, ื•ืื•ืžืจื ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื”ื• ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืื•ืžืจื ื–”ืœ (ื‘”ืง ื›ื•.) ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื. ืœื–ื” ื ืชื—ื›ืžื• ื•ืืžืจื• ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื”ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืื“ื:

ื•ืื•ืžืจื• ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื›ื”ื• ื•ื’ื•’ ื•ืืžืจื ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉืœื™ื›ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื—ื•ืœื“ื” ื•ื‘ืจื“ืœืก ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืื›ืœื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ื™ื” ืจืขื” ืื›ืœืชื”ื• ืœื ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ื—ื™ื” ืจืขื” ื”ืจื’ืชื”ื• ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ืŸ ืžืคื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืจ: 

ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืกืžื›ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืžื” ื’ื ื ืคืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื—ื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื’ื ืฉื™ืขืฆื• ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”’ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜:

ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื”ืื—ื™ื ื“ื ื• ื‘ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื–ื•ืžื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืชื ืจืขื” ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืžื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืขื“ื•ืชื•, ื”ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉืื›ืœื• ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ื”ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืชื”, ื•ื‘ืŸ ื ื— ื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื ื”ืชืจืื” ื•ืขืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื’”ื› (ืจืžื‘”ื ื”ืœ’ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืค”ื˜) ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื“ื ื• ื‘ื• ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื“ ื–ื•ืžื ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉืžื™ื. ืืœื ื“ืœืฆื“ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ื–ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื ืชื—ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืžื™ืชื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื ืืžื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”’ ืืฉืจ ื–ืžื, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืจืžื–ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจื• ื•ืขืชื” ื•ืืžืจื• ื–”ืœ (ื‘”ืจ ืค’ ื›”ื) ื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ืขืชื” ืืœื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื“ืจืฉ: 

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